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[…] also prescribes skill requirements. A DPO must have knowledge of data protection law and technology, an understanding of the business’s data processing operations, and the ability to promote a data protection culture with integrity. The required skill level depends on the complexity, scale, sensitivity and level of protection required for the data being processed.  […]

In May 2025, Nebraska and Vermont passed Age-Appropriate Design Code Acts (AADCs), continuing the bipartisan trend of states advancing protections for youth online. While these new bills arrived within the same week and share both a common name and general purpose, their scope, applicability, and substance take two very different approaches to a common […]

[…] lowest numerical applicability thresholds of any of the state comprehensive privacy laws when the law was enacted in 2023. At that time, prior comprehensive privacy laws in Virginia, Colorado, Utah, Connecticut, Iowa, and Indiana all applied to controllers that either (1) control or process the personal data of at least 100,000 consumers (“the general […]

[…] contract performance, bringing Indonesia closer to global privacy frameworks. In November 2023, the Philippines‘ National Privacy Commission issued a Circular on Consent, clarifying valid consent standards and promoting transparency. The guidance aims to reduce consent fatigue by encouraging layered, contextual consent interfaces and outlines when consent may not be strictly necessary. South Korea amended […]

[…] values are replaced with broader, less precise categories. Examples include replacing an exact birth date with just the birth year or an age range, a specific ZIP code with a larger geographic area, or a specific occupation with a broader job category. This is a core technique used to achieve k-anonymity. While it reduces […]

[…] annually on January 28 to mark the anniversary of Convention 108, the first binding international treaty to protect personal data. To raise awareness for the day and promote best practices for data privacy, we’ve partnered with Snap to create a Data Privacy Day Snapchat Lens that lets you choose what type of privacy pup […]

[…] fragmentation of the cross-border data transfer landscape globally and in APAC into clusters of likeminded jurisdictions, ranging from those like Singapore and Japan that are working to promote trusted data flows (especially through initiatives like the Global CBPRs) to those like Indonesia, India, and Vietnam that have recently renewed their interest in adopting data […]

[…] AI legislation. Maryland passed the  Maryland Online Data Privacy Act (MODPA) as well as the Maryland Age-Appropriate Design Code Act” (Maryland AADC).  Following Connecticut’s lead last year, Virginia and Colorado both amended their state privacy laws to add specific online protections for kids’ data. FPF also examined genetic privacy laws from Montana, Tennessee, Texas, […]

[…] a diversity of approaches, from taking a leading role in international initiatives, such as the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) System (for instance, Japan and Singapore), to promoting the use of standardized contractual clauses (for instance, China, Japan and Singapore). Third, AI governance, with 70% of regulators prioritising this. Some have developed comprehensive policy […]

[…] minimization provisions are also elements of recent sectoral laws including the Washington State My Health My Data Act, the New York Child Data Protection Act, and the Virginia Child Data Privacy Amendment. Taken together, these frameworks portend a new trend toward substantive data minimization standards; however, their statutory requirements vary in subtle but consequential […]