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[…] also prescribes skill requirements. A DPO must have knowledge of data protection law and technology, an understanding of the business’s data processing operations, and the ability to promote a data protection culture with integrity. The required skill level depends on the complexity, scale, sensitivity and level of protection required for the data being processed.  […]

[…] advancement but also by a worldwide push to establish new regulatory regimes. In a landmark move, on May 28, 2025, Japan’s Parliament approved the “Act on the Promotion of Research and Development and the Utilization of AI-Related Technologies” (人工知能関連技術の研究開発及び活用の推進に関する法律案要綱) (AI Promotion Act, or Act), making Japan the second major economy in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) […]

[…] to enact a comprehensive consumer privacy law. In 2023, it returned to that law to add heightened privacy protections for minors and for consumer health data. In 2024 and 2025, the Attorney General issued enforcement reports that included recommendations for changes to the law (some of which were ultimately included in SB 1295). Now, […]

[…] and Research Unit (“CGTP”) released the preliminary study Inteligência Artificial Generativa (“Preliminary Study on GenAI”, in Portuguese) as part of its Technological Radar series, on November 29, 2024.1 A short English version of the study was also released by the agency in December 2024. This analysis provides information for developers, processing agents, and data […]

In May 2025, Nebraska and Vermont passed Age-Appropriate Design Code Acts (AADCs), continuing the bipartisan trend of states advancing protections for youth online. While these new bills arrived within the same week and share both a common name and general purpose, their scope, applicability, and substance take two very different approaches to a common […]

[…] trust in the digital ecosystem with consumers. The panel also provided a master perspective on how tech leaders approach digital governance now and in the future through promoting interoperability, model transparency, and government experimentation and implementation of IT tools and procurement. On the second day  of the conference, FPF Managing Director for Asia-Pacific (APAC) […]

[…] lowest numerical applicability thresholds of any of the state comprehensive privacy laws when the law was enacted in 2023. At that time, prior comprehensive privacy laws in Virginia, Colorado, Utah, Connecticut, Iowa, and Indiana all applied to controllers that either (1) control or process the personal data of at least 100,000 consumers (“the general […]

[…] contract performance, bringing Indonesia closer to global privacy frameworks. In November 2023, the Philippines‘ National Privacy Commission issued a Circular on Consent, clarifying valid consent standards and promoting transparency. The guidance aims to reduce consent fatigue by encouraging layered, contextual consent interfaces and outlines when consent may not be strictly necessary. South Korea amended […]

[…] values are replaced with broader, less precise categories. Examples include replacing an exact birth date with just the birth year or an age range, a specific ZIP code with a larger geographic area, or a specific occupation with a broader job category. This is a core technique used to achieve k-anonymity. While it reduces […]

[…] EU AI Act: A Step-by-Step Guide, along with an accompanying Infographic. This updated Guide reflects the text of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AIA), adopted in 2024.   Conformity Assessments (CAs) play a significant role in the EU AIA’s accountability and compliance framework for high-risk AI systems. The updated Guide and Infographic provide a […]