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[…] search” engines;” blogging”platforms;” storage” facilities;” social” networks;” ad” networks” and” more.1″In” the” past,”Apple”was”uniquely”situated”as”a”provider”of”both”hardware”and”software.”Recently,”expansion”into”new”technologies”has” become” the” market” norm,” as”Amazon,”Microsoft”and” Google,”once”exclusively”software”providers,”now”deliver”increasingly”integrated”services”and”devices.”While”rumors”of”a”Facebook”phone”persist,”Facebook”remains”one”of”the”few” industry” giants”that” have” not” launched”an” integrated” hardware” device.2″Rather”Facebook”now”operates”on”more”than”2,500″different” models“of”mobile”phones”and”is”forging”relationships”with”existing”mobile”operators.3″A”central”driver”for”integration”has”been”consumer”demand”for”smooth”interoperability”between”hardware,”operating”systems,”and”software”apps.”Hence,”platform”expansion”is”a” bottomup”process,” where” consumers’” expectations”lead”companies”to”expand”brand”offerings”into”new”market”segments.”In”their”recent”book,”Interop:)The)Promise)and)Perils)of)Highly)Interconnected)Systems,”John”Palfrey”and”Urs”Gasser”explain:””users”want”their”computers”to”work”seamlessly”with” their” cameras” and” smartphones.” Nothing” drives” consumers” crazier” in” the” digital” economy” than” technology”systems”that”will”not”work”together”properly.”4″”Apple” has”cemented” its” position” as”a”market”icon”by” offering” a” seamlessly”cohesive”user” experience” […]

[…] at! Stanford,! and! his! colleagues!made! a! groundbreaking! discovery! last! year.! They! found! that! when! taken! together,! Paxil,! the!blockbuster!antidepressant!prescribed!to!millions!of!Americans,!and!Pravachol,!a!highly!popular!cholesterolHreducing! drug,! have! a! dreadful! side! effect.!They!increase!patients’! blood! glucose! to!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!22!Ben!Rooney,!Big!Data’s!Big!Problem:!Little!Talent,!WALL!STREET!JOURNAL!TECH!EUROPE,!April!26,!2012,!http://blogs.wsj.com/techHeurope/2012/04/26/bigHdatasHbigHproblemHlittleHtalent/? mod=google_news_blog.!!!23!EHGovernment!Act!of!2002,!sec.!208,!44!U.S.C.!§!101,!Pub.!L.!No.!107–347;!European!Data!Protection!Regulation,!art.!33H34.!!24!See,!e.g.,!Roger!Clarke,!An!Evaluation!of!Privacy!Impact!Assessment!Guidance!Documents,!1!INT’L!DATA!PRIVACY!LAW!111!(2011);!United!States!Securities!and!Exchange!Commission,!PRIVACY!IMPACT!ASSESSMENT!(PIA)!GUIDE,!January!2007,!http://www.sec.gov/about/privacy/piaguide.pdf;!United!States!Department!of!Homeland!Security,!PRIVACY!IMPACT!ASSESSMENTS,!THE!PRIVACY!OFFICE!OFFICIAL!GUIDANCE,!June!2010,!!http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/privacy_pia_guidance_june2010.pdf;!United!States!Department!of!Justice,!Office!of!Privacy!and!Civil!Liberties,!PRIVACY!IMPACT!ASSESSMENTS,!OFFICIAL!GUIDANCE,!August!2010,!http://www.justice.gov/opcl/pia_manual.pdf.!!25!For!example,!if!analysis!of!deHidentified!online!search!engine!logs!enabled!identification!of!a!life!threatening!epidemic!in!x%!of!cases!thus!saving!y!lives;!should!such!analysis!be!permitted!assuming!a!z%!chance!of!reHidentification!of!a!certain!subset!of!search!engine!users?!This!is!a!metaHprivacy!question,!which!must!be!answered!by!policymakers!implementing!more!than!just!a!PIA;!the!PIA!only!solves!one!side!of!the!equation.!26!See,!e.g.,!Natasha!Singer,!Consumer!Data,!but!Not!for!Consumers,!NY!TIMES,!July!21,!2012,!http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/business/acxiomHconsumerHdataHoftenHunavailableHtoHconsumers.html.!! !!8!diabetic! levels.!Each! drug! taken! alone! does! not! have! the! diabetic! side! effects;! hence! the! Food!and!Drug!Administration!(FDA)!approved!the!drugs!for!use.!Surely!the!FDA!cannot!test!each!and!every!drug!for!every!conceivable!interaction.!!Altman! and! his! team! made! their! discovery!by!pursuing!statistical! analysis! and! data! mining!techniques!to! identify! […]

[…] at! Stanford,! and! his! colleagues!made! a! groundbreaking! discovery! last! year.! They! found! that! when! taken! together,! Paxil,! the!blockbuster!antidepressant!prescribed!to!millions!of!Americans,!and!Pravachol,!a!highly!popular!cholesterolHreducing! drug,! have! a! dreadful! side! effect.!They!increase!patients’! blood! glucose! to!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!22!Ben!Rooney,!Big!Data’s!Big!Problem:!Little!Talent,!WALL!STREET!JOURNAL!TECH!EUROPE,!April!26,!2012,!http://blogs.wsj.com/techHeurope/2012/04/26/bigHdatasHbigHproblemHlittleHtalent/? mod=google_news_blog.!!!23!EHGovernment!Act!of!2002,!sec.!208,!44!U.S.C.!§!101,!Pub.!L.!No.!107–347;!European!Data!Protection!Regulation,!art.!33H34.!!24!See,!e.g.,!Roger!Clarke,!An!Evaluation!of!Privacy!Impact!Assessment!Guidance!Documents,!1!INT’L!DATA!PRIVACY!LAW!111!(2011);!United!States!Securities!and!Exchange!Commission,!PRIVACY!IMPACT!ASSESSMENT!(PIA)!GUIDE,!January!2007,!http://www.sec.gov/about/privacy/piaguide.pdf;!United!States!Department!of!Homeland!Security,!PRIVACY!IMPACT!ASSESSMENTS,!THE!PRIVACY!OFFICE!OFFICIAL!GUIDANCE,!June!2010,!!http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/privacy_pia_guidance_june2010.pdf;!United!States!Department!of!Justice,!Office!of!Privacy!and!Civil!Liberties,!PRIVACY!IMPACT!ASSESSMENTS,!OFFICIAL!GUIDANCE,!August!2010,!http://www.justice.gov/opcl/pia_manual.pdf.!!25!For!example,!if!analysis!of!deHidentified!online!search!engine!logs!enabled!identification!of!a!life!threatening!epidemic!in!x%!of!cases!thus!saving!y!lives;!should!such!analysis!be!permitted!assuming!a!z%!chance!of!reHidentification!of!a!certain!subset!of!search!engine!users?!This!is!a!metaHprivacy!question,!which!must!be!answered!by!policymakers!implementing!more!than!just!a!PIA;!the!PIA!only!solves!one!side!of!the!equation.!26!See,!e.g.,!Natasha!Singer,!Consumer!Data,!but!Not!for!Consumers,!NY!TIMES,!July!21,!2012,!http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/business/acxiomHconsumerHdataHoftenHunavailableHtoHconsumers.html.!! !!8!diabetic! levels.!Each! drug! taken! alone! does! not! have! the! diabetic! side! effects;! hence! the! Food!and!Drug!Administration!(FDA)!approved!the!drugs!for!use.!Surely!the!FDA!cannot!test!each!and!every!drug!for!every!conceivable!interaction.!!Altman! and! his! team! made! their! discovery!by!pursuing!statistical! analysis! and! data! mining!techniques!to! identify! […]

[…] For a recent example, see Leslie Scism & Mark Maremont, Insurers Test Data Profiles to Identify Risky Clients , WALL ST. J., Nov. 19, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/ article/SB10001424052748704648604575620750998072986.html? mod=WSJ_hp_LEADNewsCollection. 13. In some instances, the services rendered are not essential, thus all owing for consumer choice an option which requires rethinking many of the elements to […]