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[…] will companies work through and implement an analysis of “necessary,” “reasonably necessary,” or “strictly necessary?” 2. Is data collection “necessary” in ad-driven business models where content is free in exchange for advertising? Is there a distinction between the “necessity” of data for ad measurement or attribution and data collected for first-party or cross-context behavioral […]

[…] us as we discuss the current environment and help us map unanswered questions and areas of concern. 5–8 KEY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Regulators world-wide are erecting barriers to free data flows based on data privacy, national security/law enforcement and economic sovereignty. These rules impact how companies structure cloud infrastructure and vendor contracts, conduct cybersecurity monitoring […]

[…] Article 1 of the LGPD identifies the objective of the law as ensuring the processing of personal data protects the fundamental rights of freedom, privacy, and the free development of personality.3 At the same time, Article 2 of the LGPD recognizes data protection is “grounded” on economic and technological development and innovation.  The study […]

In May 2025, Nebraska and Vermont passed Age-Appropriate Design Code Acts (AADCs), continuing the bipartisan trend of states advancing protections for youth online. While these new bills arrived within the same week and share both a common name and general purpose, their scope, applicability, and substance take two very different approaches to a common goal: crafting a design code […]

In May 2025, Nebraska and Vermont passed Age-Appropriate Design Code Acts (AADCs), continuing the bipartisan trend of states advancing protections for youth online. While these new bills arrived within the same week and share both a common name and general purpose, their scope, applicability, and substance take two very different approaches to a common goal: […]

[…] alignment between data protection regulators, with the G7 Data Protection Authorities and Privacy Commissioners’ Summit in Tokyo. This resulted in a communiqué outlining their focus on Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT), emerging technologies, and enforcement cooperation. FPF’s Global team circled the globe, hosting and speaking at leading events this year, including the Global […]

[…] the advancement of science and healthcare improvements which are accomplished with de-identified data. Properly implemented de-identification complying with the HIPAA de-identification provisions goes a long way toward promoting such a reasonable balance, but I would suggest that there is still room for further improvements in this regard. Where Should We Go From Here? Perhaps […]

[…] high utility loss for QIs) Masking Obscure parts of data values (e.g., XXXX) Obscure direct identifiers Simple; Preserves format Limited privacy protection; Can reduce utility; Hard for free text Low (Insufficient for QIs in queries) Generalization Replace specific values with broader categories Reduce identifiability via QIs Basis for k-anonymity Significant utility loss, especially in […]

[…] European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (Text with EEA relevance). General Purpose AI Models AI Systems Concerning GPAI Models:• Develop detables technbtcal documentatbon oft the model and provbde bt to the AI ofce upon request. • Create documentatbon for your deployers who use the GPAI model to develop thebr own AI systems; • Implement polbcbes tbntended to respect EU copyrbght law; • Provbde a summary of the content use tto trabn the GPAI model Concerning GPAI Models posing ‘systemic risb(s)’:• perform model evaluatbons bn accordance wbth standardbzed protocols and tools rteflectbng stat-of-the-art; • assess and mbtbgate possbble system rbsks at the eu level; • keep track of, document, and report, wbthout undue delay, to the AI Ofce and natbonatl competent  authorbtbes as approprbate relevant bnformatbon about serbouts bncbdents and possbble corectbve measures to  […]

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