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Comparison Chart: Risk Assessment (DPIA) Requirements in California, Colorado, and the EU California Colorado EU FPF Analysis: CA v. CO References California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.185, subd. (a)(15) Colorado Privacy Act (CPA) Colo. Rev. Stat. § 6-1-1309 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Article 35 This comparison chart focuses on the […]

THE STATE OF STATE AI Legislative Approaches to AI in 2025 OCTOBER 2025 • SUPPLEMENTAL The Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) is a non-profit organization that serves as a catalyst for privacy leadership and scholarship, advancing principled data practices in support of emerging technologies. Learn more about FPF by visiting fpf.org . Justine Gluck Policy […]

[…] proposals targeted practices in which large datasets and algorithms determine and adjust th e prices or products offered to consumers. While dynamic pricing is not new, AI amplifies its scale, speed, and precision, raising concerns of discriminatory outcomes, reduced transparency, personal data misuse, and anti-competition. 2025 saw legislative activity on the state level focused […]

State lawmakers accelerated their focus on AI regulation in 2025, proposing a vast array of new regulatory models. From chatbots and frontier models to healthcare, liability, and sandboxes, legislators examined nearly every aspect of AI as they sought to address its impact on their constituents. To help stakeholders understand this rapidly evolving environment, the Future […]

On September 10th, FPF provided comments regarding draft regulations for implementing the heightened minor protections within the Colorado Privacy Act (“CPA”). Passed in 2021, the CPA, a Washington Privacy Act style-framework, provides comprehensive privacy protections to consumers in Colorado that are enforced by the state Attorney General’s office, which also has rulemaking authority. In 2024, […]

On September 10th, FPF provided comments regarding draft regulations for implementing the heightened minor protections within the Colorado Privacy Act (“CPA”). Passed in 2021, the CPA, a Washington Privacy Act style-framework, provides comprehensive privacy protections to consumers in Colorado that are enforced by the state Attorney General’s office, which also has rulemaking authority. In 2024, […]

This post is the fourth and final blog post in a series on personality versus personalization in AI systems. Read Part 1 (exploring concepts), Part 2 (concrete uses and risks), and Part 3 (intersection with U.S. law). Conversational AI technologies are hyper-personalizing. Across sectors, companies are focused on offering personalized experiences that are tailored to […]