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[…] framework for frontier AI. Other states, including Michigan, have introduced proposals of their own, illustrating the potential for a patchwork of requirements across jurisdictions. As detailed in FPF’s recent report, State of State AI: Legislative Approaches to AI in 2025, this year’s legislative landscape highlights ongoing state experimentation in AI governance. With SB 53 […]

[…] investigative demands (CIDs), and create rebuttable presumptions, affirmative defenses, and a right to cure. Utah HB 452 Rep. Moss (R) Health/ Transparency/ Chatbots It would also allow businesses to take advantage of an affirmative defense, provided they maintain certain AI governance measures. Table 14. Enrolled or Enacted and Passed (in at least one chamber) […]

[…] and opt-out procedures. Trend Toward Fewer Substantive Governance Requirements: Compared to prior years, fewer of the enrolled or enacted laws utilizing this approach imposed substantive obligations on businesses, such as requirements to conduct i mpact assessments or maintain risk management policies. While some broader frameworks, particularly those arising as amendments to state data privacy […]

[…] claims that allow defendants to dismiss lawsuits based on certain grounds, as a solution for incentivizing responsible AI practices while maintaining flexibility and reducing legal risks for businesses. Examples include: Utah’s HB 452 (enacted) allowing an affirmative defense if a provider maintained certain AI governance measures and California’s SB  813 (proposed) allowing AI developers […]

The 16th Privacy Papers for Policymakers call for submissions is now open until October 30, 2025. FPF’s Privacy Papers for Policymakers Award recognizes leading privacy research and analytical scholarship relevant to policymakers in the U.S. and internationally. The award highlights important work that analyzes current and emerging privacy issues and proposes achievable short-term solutions […]

On September 10th, FPF provided comments regarding draft regulations for implementing the heightened minor protections within the Colorado Privacy Act (“CPA”). Passed in 2021, the CPA, a Washington Privacy Act style-framework, provides comprehensive privacy protections to consumers in Colorado that are enforced by the state Attorney General’s office, which also has rulemaking authority. In […]

On September 10th, FPF provided comments regarding draft regulations for implementing the heightened minor protections within the Colorado Privacy Act (“CPA”). Passed in 2021, the CPA, a Washington Privacy Act style-framework, provides comprehensive privacy protections to consumers in Colorado that are enforced by the state Attorney General’s office, which also has rulemaking authority. In […]

[…] Act (” C PA “). 1 The Fu tu re of P riv a cy Fo ru m (” FP F”) is a no n-p ro fit org an iz a tio n ded ic a te d to ad va n cin g priv a cy le ad ers h ip , s […]

Conversational AI technologies are hyper-personalizing. Across sectors, companies are focused on offering personalized experiences that are tailored to users’ preferences, behaviors, and virtual and physical environments. These range from general purpose LLMs, to the rapidly growing market for LLM-powered AI companions, educational aides, and corporate assistants. There are clear trends among this overall focus: towards […]