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[…] political, professional, religious, and sexual associations. The Government can store such records and efficiently mine them for information years into the future. And because GPS monitoring is cheap in comparison to convent ional surveillance techniques and, by design, proceeds surreptitiously, it evades the ordinary checks that constrain abus ive law enforcement practices: ‘ limited […]

[…] for email, social m e- dia, and searc hing; shopping with a credit, debit, or “customer lo yalty” card; banking or applying for credit; tra veling by plane; receiving medical treatment at a technologically advanced hospital; and receiving electricity through a “smart meter .” 3 II. Big data, for all its technological complexity, springs […]

[…] 7 See Neil M. Richards, Intellectual Privacy , 87 TEX . L. REV . 387 (2008). 8 See Jennifer Valentino -DeVries et al., Websites Var y Prices, Deals Based on Users’ Information , WALL ST. J., at A1, Dec. 24, 2012. 9 See Ryan Calo, Digital Market Manipulation (draft). product being sold, the advertiser […]

[…] narrowly focused on private lives, consumption, and infotainment . Equal ly importantly, they reflect the hopes and aspirations we ascribe to algorithms , despite our cynicism and reservations, ” we want them to be neutral, we want them to be reliable, we want them to be the effective ways in which we come to […]

[…] from, and/or share data with , each of these individuals or entities . I nternational data transfers and economic globalization build on and reinforce one another. Fast, cheap and reliable international data transfers support the growth of global business. Increased economic globalization, in turn, widens t he demand for , and investment in , […]

[…] -Management and the Consent Dilemma , 126 HARV . L. REV . 1880 (2013). 5 Jennifer Valentino -Devries, Jeremy Singer -Vine & Ashkan Soltani, Websites Vary Prices, Deals Based on Users’ Information, WSJ, December 24, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB10001424127887323777204578189391813881534 – lMyQjAxMTAyMDIwNDEyNDQyWj.html#12 . See discussion in Omer Tene & Jules Polonetsky , Judged by the Tin Man: […]

[…] narrowly focused on private lives, consumption, and infotainment . Equal ly importantly, they reflect the hopes and aspirations we ascribe to algorithms , despite our cynicism and reservations, ” we want them to be neutral, we want them to be reliable, we want them to be the effective ways in which we come to […]

[…] for email, social m e- dia, and searc hing; shopping with a credit, debit, or “customer lo yalty” card; banking or applying for credit; tra veling by plane; receiving medical treatment at a technologically advanced hospital; and receiving electricity through a “smart meter .” 3 II. Big data, for all its technological complexity, springs […]

[…] nature within these modern digital systems.   C. Unprecedented Scale of Networked Communications  Third, in the past, the reach of speech and information was  limited by geographic, technological, and cultural or language  considerations. Today, by contrast, content and data can flow   across the globe at the click of a button as a result of the dra‐ matic expansion of Internet access and broadband connec‐ tivity. 71 Commentary and personal information that appears on  a blog or social networking site in one corner of the globe is just  as visible everywhere else. Offshore hosting of content also  makes it harder to know where content originates or is stored. 72  While restrictions by government are certainly still possible,  the scale of modern speech and content dissemination greatly  complicates government efforts to control information flows. 73  D. Explosion of the Overall Volume of Information   Fourth, the volume of media and communications activity  taking place today also complicates regulatory efforts. There  exists vastly more content and communication for regulators to  police today than in the past. “Since 1995 the sheer volume of  information—personally identifiable and otherwise—that has  become digitized and can be  cheaply transported around the  world has grown by orders of magnitude,” notes Larry Dow‐ 70. See, e.g., David Pike, Censorship in Soviet‐Occupied Germany, in T HE  ESTABLISHMENT OF  COMMUNIST  REGIMES IN  EASTERN  EUROPE , 1944–1949,  at 217   (Norman Naimark & Leonid Gibianskii eds., 1997).  71. C RAIG  & LUDLOFF , supra note 6, at 20 (“Data, in and of itself, has no country,  respects no law, and travels freely across borders.”).  72. H AL  ABELSON ET AL ., BLOWN TO  BITS : YOUR  LIFE , LIBERTY , AND  […]

[…] Consu mer Privacy Surveys Don’t Tell Us (June 2001) (unpublished manuscript), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=299930 (“rivacy surveys in particular . . . suffer from the ‘talk is cheap’ problem. It costs a consumer nothing to express a desire for federal law to protect privacy. But if such law became a 2013 ] BENEFIT -COST […]