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[…] the same frameworks carries different legal weight and protection. The Proposed Laws and Their Application: Pending legislation across multiple states is building on these existing models, with frontier model bills expanding California’s approach, liability bills adopting Texas-style safe harbors, and ADMT bills blending Colorado’s hybrid of mandates and affirmative defenses. The Real Effect on […]

[…] the Chart here These enacted laws span a wide range of policy areas, reflecting experimentation in regulatory scope among lawmakers. In 2025 alone, states enacted laws addressing frontier model risk (such as California’s SB 53 and New York’s RAISE Act), generative AI transparency, AI use in health care settings, liability standards, data privacy, innovation, […]

[…] Act, ending months of uncertainty after the bill passed the legislature in June and making New York the second state to enact a statute specifically focused on frontier artificial intelligence (AI) safety and transparency. Sponsored by Assemblymember Bores (D) and Senator Gounardes (D), the law closely follows California’s enactment of SB 53 in late […]

What the enactment of New York’s RAISE Act reveals compared to California’s SB 53, the nation’s first frontier AI law On December 19, New York Governor Hochul (D) signed the Responsible AI Safety and Education (RAISE) Act, ending months of uncertainty after the bill passed the legislature in June and making New York the […]

[…] generative AI bills, amending Utah’s 2024 Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (AIPA) and establishing new regulations for mental health chatbots.  FPF compared California’s SB 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (TFAIA) to the New York Raise Act anticipating where U.S. policy on frontier model safety may be headed, as this was signed into […]

State lawmakers accelerated their focus on AI regulation in 2025, proposing a vast array of new regulatory models. From chatbots and frontier models to healthcare, liability, and sandboxes, legislators examined nearly every aspect of AI as they sought to address its impact on their constituents. To help stakeholders understand this rapidly evolving environment, the […]

California Enacts First Frontier AI Law as New York Weighs Its Own On September 29, Governor Newsom (D) signed SB 53, the “Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (TFAIA),” authored by Sen. Scott Wiener (D). The law makes California the first state to enact a statute specifically targeting frontier artificial intelligence (AI) safety and […]

[…] including data collection and security practices. Use or Context-Specific Focuses on specific types of AI technologies based on the tailored risks they present, such as generative AI, frontier/foundation models, and chatbots. These bills often tailor requirements to the functionality, capabilities, or use patterns of each system type. Generative AI : Requires public disclosure/provenance data […]

[…] may significantly impact indi viduals’ rights, access to services, or economic opportunities. Technology- Specific Bills Focuses on specific types of AI technologies , such as generative AI, frontier/ foundation models, and chatbots. These bills often tailor requirements t o the functionality, capabilities, or use patterns of each system type. Bills Focused on Liability and […]

State lawmakers accelerated their focus on AI regulation in 2025, proposing a vast array of new regulatory models. From chatbots and frontier models to healthcare, liability, and sandboxes, legislators examined nearly every aspect of AI as they sought to address its impact on their constituents. To help stakeholders understand this rapidly evolving environment, the […]