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[…] that often look different from one another, create different benefits for consumers and companies, and carry different risks. Distinguishing and disaggregating these pricing strategies will help policymakers, businesses, and consumers better understand how the relevant technologies and practices work, and better analyze the relevant benefits and risks. The chart below describes the major different […]

A significant new chapter for data privacy protections in the United States has commenced as more than twenty recently enacted significant state privacy laws have taken effect by July 1, 2025. To assist stakeholders in tracking the emerging state privacy landscape, the Future of Privacy Forum has prepared a resource listing key dates for state […]

[…] fo r Bro ad Sta te Priv a cy La w s As of Ju ly 10 , 20 25 N ote : La w s are org an iz e d ch ro no lo g ic a lly by eff ectiv e date s, no t by sta te (h e nce […]

[…] tools were not designed with older adults or caregiving relationships in mind, and few provide clear information about how AI is used or how sensitive personal data feeds into machine learning systems. Without frameworks for trustworthiness and subsequent trust from older adults and caregivers, the gap between innovation and accountability will continue to grow, […]

Cross-border data flows are critical to Africa’s digital economy, enabling trade, innovation, and access to continental and global markets. As the drive towards data-driven technologies among businesses and governments grows, the ability to transfer personal data across borders efficiently and securely has become a key policy concern on the continent, a position echoed by […]

[…] script and configuration files form a neural network.  There are two essential stages to model training. The first stage is tokenisation. This is when training data is broken down into smaller units (i.e. segmented) and converted into tokens. For now, think of each token as representing a word (we will discuss subword tokenisation later). […]

[…] and innovative digital ecosystem. This post will unpack these landmark initiatives. First, we will examine the key amendments to Malaysia’s PDPA, focusing on the new obligations for businesses and how they compare with the European Union (EU)’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other regional laws. We will then delve into the National AI […]

[…] longstanding “soft law” approach to AI governance, relying on non-binding government guidelines (such as the 2022 “Governance Guidelines for the Implementation of AI Principles” and 2024 “AI Business Operator Guidelines”), multi-stakeholder cooperation, and the promotion of voluntary business initiatives over “hard law” regulation. The Act’s architecture therefore embodies the Japanese Government’s broader philosophy of […]

[…] A.  Expanded Applicability Some of the most significant changes these amendments make to the CTDPA are the adjustments to the law’s applicability thresholds, likely bringing many more businesses in scope of the law. Prior to SB 1295, controllers doing business in Connecticut were subject to the CTDPA if they controlled or processed the personal […]

FPF is pleased to welcome our colleague Bianca-Ioana Marcu to her new role as Managing Director of FPF Europe. With extensive experience in privacy and data protection, she takes on this responsibility at a pivotal moment for digital regulation in Europe. In this blog, we will explore her perspectives on the evolving privacy […]